I - Conjugaison des auxiliaires
En anglais, tous les temps ont des auxiliaires différents.
Ce sont des outils qui permettent de construire les phrases interrogatives et négatives et parfois même les phrases affirmatives.
Il faut connaitre ces auxiliaires par cœur pour pouvoir ensuite construire tous les types de phrases.
Prétérit simple
|
DID
|
Prétérit en be + -ing
|
I, he, she, it WAS You, we, they WERE
|
Past perfect simple
|
HAD
|
Past perfect en be + -ing
|
HAD
|
II - La place des auxiliaires
1. Dans les questions, ils passent devant le sujet.
Le préterit simple : DID + sujet + base verbale
Did he go to school? (Est-ce qu’il allait à l’école ?)
Le prétérit be + -ing WAS/WERE + sujet + BV-ing
What were you doing? (Qu’est-ce que tu étais en train de faire ?)
Le past perfect simple : HAD + sujet + participe passé
What had I done? I kept asking myself. (Qu’avais-je fait ? ne cessais-je de me demander.)
Le past perfect en be + -ing : HAD + sujet + been + BV-ing
How long had you been waiting to see John? (Depuis combien de temps attendais-tu pour voir John ?)
2. Dans les phrases négatives, ils prennent la marque not.
Le préterit simple : Sujet + DID NOT (didn’t) + BV
He didn’t come. / They didn’t call.
Le prétérit be + ing : Sujet + WAS NOT (wasn’t) ou WERE NOT (weren’t) + BV-ing
He wasn’t coming. / They weren’t sleeping.
Le past perfect simple : Sujet + HAD NOT + participe passé
He hadn't come. / They hadn't watched.
Le past perfect en be + -ing : Sujet + HAD + been + BV-ing He had been working. / They had been sleeping.
Le past perfect en be + -ing : Sujet + HAD NOT + been + BV-ing
He hadn't been working. / They hadn't been sleeping.
3. Dans les phrases affirmatives.
Au prétérit simple, l’auxiliaire n’apparait pas.
He went. / She watched.
Au prétérit en be + BV-ing : Sujet + WAS ou WERE + BV-ing
He was watching. / They were working.
Au present perfect simple : Sujet + HAD + participe passé du verbe
He had watched. / They had worked.
Au present perfect en be + BV-ing : Sujet + HAD + been + participe passé
He had been watching. / They had been working.